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MANGROVE CONSERVATION

Objectives and how they may be achieved
There are many different conservation objectives, and priorities will be different in different places.
Some examples are:
++ maintenance of ‘reservoirs’ for natural restocking of adjacent exploited areas;
++ protection of breeding and feeding areas important for fisheries;
++ protection of shorelines from erosion; and
++ preservation of rare and endangered species.


Depending upon the specific objectives for any area, mangrove conservation can be achieved by management on a sustainable basis, or by creating protected areas. According to the report on Global Status of Mangrove Ecosystems (IUCN 1983) 18 countries have established mangrove reserves to safeguard the habitat and associated species—in all, less than one per cent of the total mangrove area of the world.

All conservation efforts require efficient legislation to control activities that might adversely affect the ecosystem. Several countries, notably in the ASEAN region, have established national mangrove committees (NATMANCOM) to provide the necessary input for adequate mangrove management. For example, the Malaysian NATMANCOM recommended that not more than 20 per cent of existing mangroves in a given district should be cleared for pond construction, and that there should be a 100-metre buffer zone along the coast between the pond site and the mean high-water level of the sea. Other countries, such as some in Latin America, have developed special policies on coastal marine protected areas.

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