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Susu Kedelai Melawan Osteoporosis

Susu kedelai memiliki kadar protein dan komposisi asam amino yang hampir sama dengan susu sapi. Keunggulan lain susu kedelai dibandingkan susu sapi adalah tidak mengandung kolesterol sama sekali. Namun demikian, kandungan kolesterol pada susu sapi masih tergolong sangat rendah jika dibandingkan bahan pangan hewani lainnya.
Kandungan protein dalam susu kedelai dipengaruhi oleh varietas kedelai, jumlah air yang ditambahkan, jangka waktu dan kondisi penyimpanan, serta perlakuan panas. Semakin banyak jumlah air yang digunakan untuk mengencerkan susu maka akan semakin sedikit kadar protein yang diperoleh.
milk

Kadar protein dalam susu kedelai yang dibuat dengan perbandingan kedelai dan air 1:8, 1:10, dan 1:15 berturut-turut adalah 3,6 persen, 3,2 persen dan 2,4 persen.

Susu kedelai yang dibuat dengan kadar protein 3 persen mempunyai mutu gizi mendekati susu sapi. Pada anak balita, meminum dua gelas susu kedelai sudah dapat memenuhi 30 persen dari total kebutuhan proteinnya per hari. Karena kadar asam amino lisinnya yang tinggi, susu kedelai dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi protein pada nasi dan makanan serealia lainnya, yang pada umumnya rendah kadar lisinnya. Mutu protein susu kedelai hampir sama dengan mutu protein susu sapi. Protein eficiency ratio (PER) susu kedelai adalah 2,3 sedangkan PER susu sapi adalah 2,5. PER 2,3 artinya setiap gram protein yang dimakan akan menghasilkan pertambahan berat badan sebesar 2,3 gram.
Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi nilai PER mencerminkan semakin baik mutu protein tersebut.Secara umum susu kedelai mengandung vitamin B1, B2 dan niasin dalam jumlah yang setara dengan susu sapi atau ASI, serta mengandung vitamin E dan K dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak.Namun, susu kedelai tidak mengandung vitamin B12 dan kandungan mineralnya terutama kalsium lebih sedikit, ketimbang susu sapi.
Oleh karena itu, dianjurkan untuk melakukan fortifikasi (penambahan) vitamin dan mineral pada susu kedelai untuk mensejajarkan kualitasnya dengan susu sapi.Hal ini biasanya sudah dilakukan pada susu kedelai yang diproduksi oleh industri besar, tetapi tentu saja tidak dilakukan pada susu kedelai hasil industri rumah tangga. Menghambat OsteoporosisOsteoporosis atau keropos tulang dapat terjadi pada pria maupun wanita.
Namun wanita mempunyai peluang untuk mengalaminya empat kali lebih besar dibandingkan pria, khususnya bagi mereka yang telah mengalami menopause (menurunnya produksi hormon estrogen). Pria yang telah mengalami andropause (menurunnya hormon androgen) juga sangat rentan terhadap osteoporosis.Hormon estrogen antara lain mempunyai fungsi untuk membantu penyerapan kalsium dari makanan yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari. Apabila kadar hormon ini di dalam tubuh berkurang, maka jumlah kalsium yang dapat diserap dan disimpan pada tulang menjadi sangat berkurang.
Di lain pihak, kebutuhan tubuh akan kalsium untuk berbagai aktivitas tetap setiap harinya. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, terpaksa cadangan kalsium yang ada dalam tulang diambil sedikit demi sedikit. Akibatnya perlahan tetapi pasti, cadangan kalsium akan terus menipis sehingga massa tulang akan berkurang, rapuh dan mudah patah.
Dewasa ini masalah menopause dapat ditunda dengan terapi hormon estrogen (estrogen replacement therapy), yang juga diharapkan dapat menghambat laju osteoporosis. Yang terutama dianjurkan melakukan terapi hormon estrogen, adalah mereka yang berhenti menstruasi sebelum usia 40 tahun, atau mereka yang menderita osteoporosis pada usia muda. Sayangnya hormon estrogen ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping, seperti: sakit kepala, perubahan perasaan mendadak, merasa depresi dan ingin muntah.
Dampak negatif lain, yang dapat ditimbulkan, adalah kanker payudara dan kanker rahim, terutama bagi mereka yang mempunyai bakat untuk terserang kedua kanker tersebut.Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nurses Health Study menunjukkan, bahwa wanita yang menjalani terapi hormon selama lima tahun atau lebih, kemungkinannya untuk terkena kanker payudara adalah 30-70 persen dibanding mereka yang tidak melakukan terapi.Karena terapi hormon estrogen bisa berdampak negatif, maka beberapa ahli dewasa ini mulai mencari bahan pengganti estrogen yang aman untuk menghambat laju osteoporosis.Salah satu bahan pangan, yang saat ini menjadi pusat perhatian dalam hubungannya dengan osteoporosis, adalah kedelai.
Hal ini disebabkan pada kedelai terdapat senyawa alami mirip estrogen, yaitu yang disebut fitoestrogen. Fitoestrogen telah terbukti mampu menghambat osteoporosis.Barangkali, karena senyawa inilah, yang menyebabkan mengapa wanita Jepang yang gemar makan produk olahan kedelai (seperti tahu, natto, susu kedelai, dll) usia menopausenya tinggi dan jarang mengalami keluhan pascamenopause.
Di Indonesia masalah menopause dan osteoporosis sudah waktunya untuk mendapatkan perhatian yang serius, karena pada tahun 2010 nanti jumlah wanita menopause di Indonesia diperkirakan akan mencapai 35 juta orang.

Walupun sampai saat ini, belum ada data mengenai kandungan fitoestrogen pada produk-produk olahan kedelai di Indonesia,tetapi kenyataan di Jepang tersebut dapat dijadikan petunjuk tentang manfaat kacang kedelai untuk kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada salahnya, kalau budaya makan tempe, tahu, dan susu kedelai lebih digalakkan lagi di Indonesia.
Sumber: kompas

Download tgl 21/01/2009 dari www.bali-organic.com

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Tips Mengatasi Jerawat
Pemicu Kanker dari Makanan
Apakah anda mengalami Obesitas?
Apa Itu Kolesterol?
Makanan dan Minuman Penurun Kolesterol
Penuaan Dini
Susu Kedelai Melawan Osteoporosis
Pewarna Buatan Sangat Berbahaya
Tips Langsing Sehat
Gaya Hidup Sehat
Minuman Isotonik Bukan Minuman Penambah Tenaga
Jenis-jenis Penyakit Jantung
Hipertensi (Tekanan Darah Tinggi)
Serangan Jantung
Apakah gejala-gejala dari serangan jantung?
Memahami Stroke
Sepuluh Anggapan Salah Tentang Penyakit Jantung
Vitamin C dan E Cegah Penyakit Jantung
Langkah Preventif Menghindari Penyakit Jantung Koroner
Tidak Mudah Menyembuhkan Maag
Obat Kolesterol Dapat Cegah Kerusakan Saraf Akibat Diabetes
Kadar Makanan Pengaruhi Jenis Kelamin Bayi
Diet Rendah Lemak Turunkan Hormon Remaja Putri
Pria tua berpeluang menghasilkan anak cacat

 



milk bootle seed

Americans have excessively high blood cholesterol levels. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III, 2001) states that a sound diet, weight loss and physical activity are the cornerstones of therapy for many individuals with cholesterol disorders. (Cholesterol-lowering drug therapy is reserved for those who have the very highest lipid levels or for those who have diabetes or coronary disease.) Atherosclerosis is a costly and fatal disease. Although there is no known cure, new evidence suggests that intensive lowering of serum total cholesterol, or more specifically, LDL cholesterol may retard the progression of coronary artery disease. The box, right, contains the NCEP cholesterol guidelines authored in 2001 by a panel of physicians and lipid experts. Reducing cholesterol through exercise, particularly LDL cholesterol, can be quite labor intensive. When individuals accumulate a sufficient weekly volume of exercise they can lower both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol). Exercise itself does not “burn off” cholesterol like it can with fat tissue. However, when exercise is of sufficient volume, for example, an adequate weekly frequency and duration, it can significantly reduce triglycerides and stimulate several metabolic enzyme systems in the muscles and liver to convert some of the cholesterol to a more favorable form, such as HDL-cholesterol. Reducing triglycerides decreases triglyceride-rich particles that are known to promote the growth of fatty deposits on artery walls. For many people with cholesterol disorders the first choice of therapy is dietary modification. In general, reducing high-glycemic carbohydrates reduces triglycerides, and reducing saturated and trans-fat foods decreases LDL-cholesterol. If LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol) is high enough, dietary therapy is often supplemented with cholesterol-lowering drug therapy. Exercise is of tremendous benefit when used in combination with either of these two forms of therapy. For those who maintain a frequent and sufficient level of exercise, it is possible that their physician will reduce their cholesterol-lowering medication and in some cases stop it altogether. Here are guidelines that outline a systematic approach for favorably altering cholesterol levels with regular exercise: • If you have a less-than-desirable cholesterol level, or your doctor has indicated you have a cholesterol disorder, have your physician establish your cardiovascular health status before engaging in a vigorous exercise program. Your physician may elect to perform additional blood tests (e.g., C-reactive protein) and/or a graded exercise test with an ECG (treadmill stress test) on you first. • Choose dynamic forms of exercise that tend to last at least 20 to 30 minutes and are performed at moderate intensities. Moderate exercise intensities would be an approximate effort of four to seven, on a scale of one to ten with ten being near maximal exercise. • In general, for exercise to significantly lower cholesterol levels, a relatively high volume of exercise is recommended (e.g. 1,500 kcal or more per week). In 12 to 16 weeks this volume of exercise can reduce total cholesterol by 10 to 20 percent. Fifteen hundred calories expended during exercise is equivalent to three to four hours per week for the average unfit person performing moderate-intensity walking, swimming, walk-jogging or cycling. This volume of weekly exercise is approximately the same volume of physical activity required to lose weight. As a result, fat weight loss tends to be associated with increases in HDL-cholesterol and reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, especially fat lost around the waist and abdomen. A sample program would be to start with walking 20 minutes per day, four days a week. Over six to eight weeks, graduate this program to one hour, six to seven days a week of walking over hilly (variable) terrain or walk-jogging over relatively flat ground. An alternative would be to walk 50 to 60 minutes three days a week and take an aerobics class three days a week and perhaps two to three sets of singles tennis on the seventh day. It is important to know that lower volumes of weekly exercise can still produce many other benefits, such as improved fitness and overall health, reduced blood pressure and increased psychological well-being. An ACE-certified Clinical Exercise Specialist can help you make the connection safely and effectively. A heart attack is a life-threatening event. Everyone should know the warning signs of a heart attack and how to get emergency help. Many people suffer permanent damage to their hearts or die because they do not get help immediately. Each year, more than a million persons in the United States have a heart attack, and about half (515,000) of them die. About one-half of those who die do so within 1 hour of the start of symptoms and before reaching the hospital. Both men and women have heart attacks. Emergency personnel can often stop arrhythmias with emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation (electrical shock), and prompt advanced cardiac life support procedures. If care is sought soon enough, blood flow in the blocked artery can be restored in time to prevent permanent damage to the heart. Most people, however, do not seek medical care for 2 hours or more after symptoms begin. Many people wait 12 hours or longer. Symptoms and Diagnosis The warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack can include: Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Heart attack pain can sometimes feel like indigestion or heartburn. Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Pain, discomfort, or numbness can occur in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. Difficulty in breathing often comes along with chest discomfort, but it may occur before chest discomfort. Other symptoms. Examples include breaking out in a cold sweat, having nausea and vomiting, or feeling light-headed or dizzy. Signs and symptoms vary from person to person. In fact, if you have a second heart attack, your symptoms may not be the same as for the first heart attack. Some people have no symptoms. This is called a "silent" heart attack. The symptoms of angina (chest pain) can be similar to the symptoms of a heart attack. If you have angina and notice a change or a worsening of your symptoms, talk with your doctor right away. Diagnosis of a heart attack may include the following tests: EKG (electrocardiogram). This test is used to measure the rate and regularity of your heartbeat. A 12-lead EKG is used in diagnosing a heart attack. Blood tests. When cells in the heart die, they release enzymes into the blood. These enzymes are called markers or biomarkers. Measuring the amount of these markers in the blood can show how much damage was done to your heart. These tests are often repeated at intervals to check for changes. The specific blood tests are: Troponin test. This test checks the troponin levels in the blood. This blood test is considered the most accurate to see if a heart attack has occurred and how much damage it did to the heart. CK or CK-MB test. These tests check for the amount of the different forms of creatine kinase in the blood. Myoglobin test. This test checks for the presence of myoglobin in the blood. Myoglobin is released when the heart or other muscle is injured. Nuclear heart scan. This test uses radioactive tracers (technetium or thallium) to outline heart chambers and major blood vessels leading to and from the heart. A nuclear heart scan shows any damage to your heart muscle. Cardiac catheterization. A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is passed through an artery in the groin (upper thigh) or arm to reach the coronary arteries. Your doctor can use the catheter to determine pressure and blood flow in the heart's chambers, collect blood samples from the heart, and examine the arteries of the heart by x ray. Coronary angiography. This test is usually performed along with cardiac catheterization. A dye that can be seen by using x ray is injected through the catheter into the coronary arteries. Your doctor can see the flow of blood through the heart and see where there are blockages. Causes Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that bring blood and oxygen to the heart muscle). When blood cannot reach part of your heart, that area starves for oxygen. If the blockage continues long enough, cells in the affected area die. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common underlying cause of a heart attack. CAD is the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries by the buildup of plaque in the inside walls (atherosclerosis). Over time, plaque buildup in the coronary arteries can: Narrow the arteries so that less blood flows to the heart muscle Block completely the arteries and the flow of blood Cause blood clots to form and block the arteries A less common cause of heart attacks is a severe spasm (tightening) of the coronary artery that cuts off blood flow to the heart. These spasms can occur in persons with or without CAD. Artery spasm can sometimes be caused by: Taking certain drugs, such as cocaine Emotional stress Exposure to cold Cigarette smoking

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